Conduction as heat transfer takes place if there is a temperature gradient in a solid or stationary fluid medium.With conduction energy transfers from more energetic to less energetic molecules when neighboring molecules collide. Heat flows in direction of decreasing temperatures since higher temperatures are associated with higher molecular energy.Conductive heat transfer can be expressed with ' Fourier's Law'q = (k / s) A dT= U A dT (1)whereq = heat transfer (W, J/s, Btu/hr)k = (W/m K or W/m oC, Btu/(hr oF ft 2/ft))s = material thickness (m, ft)A = heat transfer area (m 2, ft 2)U = k / s= (W/(m 2K), Btu/(ft 2 h oF) dT = t 1 - t 2= temperature gradient - difference - over the material ( oC, oF).Example - Conductive Heat TransferA plane wall is constructed of solid iron with thermal conductivity 70 W/m oC. Thickness of the wall is 50 mm and surface length and width is 1 m by 1 m. The temperature is 150 oC on one side of the surface and 80 oC on the other.The conductive heat transfer through the wall can be calculatedq = (70 W/m oC) / (0.05 m) (1 m) (1 m) (150 oC) - (80 oC)= 98000 (W)= 98 (kW) Conductive Heat Transfer CalculatorThis calculator can be used to calculate conductive heat transfer through a wall.
The calculator is generic and can be used for both metric and imperial units as long as the use of units is consistent.k - thermal conductivity (W/(mK), Btu/(hr oF ft 2/ft))A - area (m 2, ft 2)t 1 - temperature 1 ( oC, oF)t 2 - temperature 2 ( oC, oF)s - material thickness (m, ft)Conductive Heat Transfer through a Plane Surface or Wall with Layers in SeriesThe heat conducted through a wall with layers in thermal contact can be calculated asq = dT A / ((s 1 / k 1 ) + (s 2 / k 2 ) +. + (s n / k n )) (2)wheredT = t 1 - t 2= temperature difference between inside and outside wall ( o C, o F)Note that heat resistance due to surface and is not included in this equation. Convection and radiation in general have major impact on the. Example - Conductive Heat Transfer through a Furnace WallA furnace wall of 1 m 2 consist of 1.2 cm thick stainless steel inner layer covered with 5 cm outside insulation layer of insulation board. The inside surface temperature of the steel is 800 K and the outside surface temperature of the insulation board is 350 K.
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Conduction Heat Transfer Problems And Solutions Pdf
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